A brief overview of the entire symposium is presented in this paper. Also summarised is the part of the meeting (Session 3) dealing with discussions of issues and research needs related to the current understanding of mechanisms of ocular injury and recovery associated with chemical exposure. Other papers by Eskes et al. and Stokes et al. describe, respectively, the other two broad areas covered by the symposium, which were: In Vitro Models for Ocular Injury: Current and Potential Biomarkers, and In Vivo Models of Ocular Injury and Recovery: Current and Potential Biomarkers to Support Development and Validation of Predictive in Vitro Models.