Roberts DW, Api AM, Patlewicz G, Schultz TW. 2016. Chemical applicability domain of the Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) for skin sensitization potency. Part 1. Underlying physical organic chemistry principles and the extent to which they are represented in the LLNA validation dataset. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 80(Oct):247-254; doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.07.007. PMID: 27424000.
Abstract
Skin sensitization leading to allergic contact dermatitis remains a significant human health concern and is the leading cause of occupational illness in many countries (Diepgen, 2003, Diepgen and Coenraads, 1999, McDonald, 2006). Predictive assessment of substances for their skin sensitization potential still relies on animal testing. Although human test data are available for a number of chemicals, and are used, as well as for risk assessment purposes, to assess predictive performance of animal tests, routine testing of new chemicals on humans is not an option. The two main test animals are the guinea pig (used in the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) and the Buehler test) and the mouse (used in the Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA)) (Magnusson and Kligman, 1969, Buehler, 1965, Gerberick et al., 2007, OECD, 1992, OECD, 2002).